Hamiltonian model for coupled surface and internal waves in the presence of currents

We examine a two dimensional fluid system consisting of a lower medium bounded underneath by a flatbed and an upper medium with a free surface. The two media are separated by a free common interface. The gravity driven surface and internal water waves (at the common interface between the media) in the presence of a depth-dependent current are studied under certain physical assumptions. Both media are considered incompressible and with prescribed vorticities. Using the Hamiltonian approach the Hamiltonian of the system is constructed in terms of 'wave' variables and the equations of motion are calculated. The resultant equations of motion are then analysed to show that wave-current interaction is influenced only by the current profile in the 'strips' adjacent to the surface and the interface. Small amplitude and long-wave approximations are also presented.Comment: 33 pages, 1 figur

Extended Camassa-Holm Hierarchy and Conserved Quantities

An extension of the Camassa-Holm hierarchy is constructed in this letter. The conserved quantities of the hierarchy are studied and a recurrent formula for the integrals of motion is derived.Comment: 13 page

Hamiltonian formulation and integrability of a complex symmetric nonlinear system

The integrability of a complex generalisation of the 'elegant' system, proposed by D. Fairlie and its relation to the Nahm equation and the Manakov top is discussed.Comment: 8 pages, Physics Letters A (accepted

One-dimensional weakly nonlinear model equations for Rossby waves

In this study we explore several possibilities for modelling weakly nonlinear Rossby waves in fluid of constant depth, which propagate predominantly in one direction. The model equations obtained include the BBM equation, as well as the integrable KdV and Degasperis-Procesi equations.Comment: 15 page

The Dynamics of Flat Surface Internal Geophysical Waves with Currents

A two-dimensional water wave system is examined consisting of two discrete incompressible fluid domains separated by a free common interface. In a geophysical context this is a model of an internal wave, formed at a pycnocline or thermocline in the ocean. The system is considered as being bounded at the bottom and top by a flatbed and wave-free surface respectively. A current profile with depth-dependent currents in each domain is considered. The Hamiltonian of the system is determined and expressed in terms of canonical wave-related variables. Limiting behaviour is examined and compared to that of other known models. The linearised equations as well as long-wave approximations are presented.Comment: LaTeX, 21 pages, 1 figure, available online in J. Math. Fluid Mech. (2016

Swirling fluid flow in flexible, expandable elastic tubes: variational approach, reductions and integrability

Many engineering and physiological applications deal with situations when a fluid is moving in flexible tubes with elastic walls. In the real-life applications like blood flow, there is often an additional complexity of vorticity being present in the fluid. We present a theory for the dynamics of interaction of fluids and structures. The equations are derived using the variational principle, with the incompressibility constraint of the fluid giving rise to a pressure-like term. In order to connect this work with the previous literature, we consider the case of inextensible and unshearable tube with a straight centerline. In the absence of vorticity, our model reduces to previous models considered in the literature, yielding the equations of conservation of fluid momentum, wall momentum and the fluid volume. We show that even when the vorticity is present, but is kept at a constant value, the case of an inextensible, unshearable and straight tube with elastics walls carrying a fluid allows an alternative formulation, reducing to a single compact equation for the back-to-labels map instead of three conservation equations. That single equation shows interesting instability in solutions when the vorticity exceeds a certain threshold. Furthermore, the equation in stable regime can be reduced to Boussinesq-type, KdV and Monge-Amp\`ere equations equations in several appropriate limits, namely, the first two in the limit of long time and length scales and the third one in the additional limit of the small cross-sectional area. For the unstable regime, we numerical solutions demonstrate the spontaneous appearance of large oscillations in the cross-sectional area.Comment: 57 pages, 11 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1805.1102

Hamiltonian Approach to Internal Wave-Current Interactions in a Two-Media Fluid with a Rigid Lid

We examine a two-media 2-dimensional fluid system consisting of a lower medium bounded underneath by a flatbed and an upper medium with a free surface with wind generated surface waves but considered bounded above by a lid by an assumption that surface waves have negligible amplitude. An internal wave driven by gravity which propagates in the positive $x$-direction acts as a free common interface between the media. The current is such that it is zero at the flatbed but a negative constant, due to an assumption that surface winds blow in the negative $x$-direction, at the lid. We are concerned with the layers adjacent to the internal wave in which there exists a depth dependent current for which there is a greater underlying than overlying current. Both media are considered incompressible and having non-zero constant vorticities. The governing equations are written in canonical Hamiltonian form in terms of the variables, associated to the wave (in a presence of a constant current). The resultant equations of motion show that wave-current interaction is influenced only by the current profile in the 'strip' adjacent to the internal wave.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figur

Empirical balanced truncation of nonlinear systems

Novel constructions of empirical controllability and observability gramians for nonlinear systems for subsequent use in a balanced truncation style of model reduction are proposed. The new gramians are based on a generalisation of the fundamental solution for a Linear Time-Varying system. Relationships between the given gramians for nonlinear systems and the standard gramians for both Linear Time-Invariant and Linear Time-Varying systems are established as well as relationships to prior constructions proposed for empirical gramians. Application of the new gramians is illustrated through a sample test-system.Comment: LaTeX, 11 pages, 2 figure